Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of heart-related complications worldwide. It occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked due to the build-up of plaque, restricting blood flow. When lifestyle changes, medication, and less invasive procedures fail to relieve symptoms or improve blood supply, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is often the most recommended surgical intervention.
Dr. Palkesh Agrawal, a highly skilled Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon in Kota, specializes in performing CABG with precision and care. His experience in handling complex heart cases has helped numerous patients regain their quality of life.
What is Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)?
CABG, commonly known as heart bypass surgery, is a procedure in which the surgeon creates new pathways for blood to flow to the heart muscle. This is achieved by taking a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body – such as the leg, arm, or chest – and grafting it above and below the blocked area of the coronary artery. This reroutes the blood flow, allowing the heart to receive adequate oxygen and nutrients.
Depending on the number of blocked arteries, the procedure may be called:
- Single bypass – one blocked artery is bypassed
- Double bypass – two blocked arteries
- Triple or quadruple bypass – three or four arteries
When is CABG Recommended?
CABG is typically advised in the following situations:
- Severe blockage in the left main coronary artery
- Multiple blocked arteries causing significant symptoms such as chest pain (angina) or shortness of breath
- Ineffective results from angioplasty or stent placement
- Blockages that cannot be treated with stenting due to location or complexity
- Reduced heart function due to coronary artery disease
This surgery improves blood supply, relieves symptoms, enhances heart function, and can significantly improve survival rates, especially in patients with diabetes or left ventricular dysfunction.
The Procedure: What to Expect
CABG is a major surgery performed under general anaesthesia. It typically takes three to six hours, depending on the number of grafts required.
- Preparation: Before surgery, diagnostic tests like angiography, ECG, and blood tests are done. The patient is prepared for anaesthesia, and the donor site (leg, arm, or chest) is identified.
- Grafting: The surgeon makes an incision in the chest to access the heart. The heart may be temporarily stopped, and a heart-lung machine is used to take over its functions. In beating-heart CABG, the procedure is done while the heart is still beating using stabilising devices.
- Bypass: The healthy blood vessel is grafted to the blocked coronary artery, creating a new route for blood flow.
- Closure and Recovery: The chest is closed with sutures, and the patient is moved to the ICU for monitoring.
Recovery After CABG
After the surgery, the patient is usually hospitalised for 5 to 7 days. The first 24–48 hours are spent in the intensive care unit, where heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing are closely monitored. Patients may feel discomfort or tiredness initially, but this gradually improves.
Full recovery can take 6 to 12 weeks. During this period:
- Patients are encouraged to take short walks and gradually increase activity.
- Medications are prescribed to prevent clotting, manage blood pressure, and control cholesterol.
- A cardiac rehabilitation programme may be suggested to support recovery and lifestyle modification.
Risks and Complications
CABG is generally safe and effective, but like any major surgery, it carries certain risks. These may include:
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
- Stroke or heart attack (rare)
- Memory problems or difficulty concentrating (usually temporary)
Choosing an experienced surgeon and a well-equipped medical facility greatly reduces these risks and ensures better outcomes.
Life After CABG
CABG is not a cure for heart disease, but it can significantly improve quality of life. Patients experience:
- Relief from angina and breathlessness
- Improved exercise tolerance
- Reduced risk of future heart attacks
To maintain the success of the surgery, long-term lifestyle changes are essential. This includes quitting smoking, eating a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, managing stress, and taking medications as prescribed.
Take the Next Step towards a Healthier Heart
If you or a loved one has been advised to undergo bypass surgery or is experiencing symptoms of coronary artery disease, do not delay expert care.
Dr. Palkesh Agrawal, a renowned Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon in Kota, offers advanced surgical solutions with a compassionate approach. His commitment to precision, patient safety, and long-term heart health ensures you receive the care you deserve.
Book your consultation today and take the first step towards a healthier circulatory system.
